Peter Pan (film)

Peter Pan
	;
Film information
Directed by:	Hamilton Luske; Clyde Geronimi; Wilfred Jackson
Produced by:	Walt Disney
Written by:	Ted Sears; Erdman Penner; Bill Peet; Winston Nibler; Joe Rinaldi; Milt Banta; Ralph Wright; Bill Cottrell
Music by:	Oliver Wallace
Studio:	Walt Disney Productions
Distributed by:	Walt Disney Pictures; RKO Radio Pictures
Release Date(s):	February 5, 1953
Language:	English
Budget:	$4 million
Gross Revenue:	$87,404,651

Peter Pan is the fourteenth full-length animated feature film in the Disney canon. It was the last Disney animated film to use the RKO Radio Pictures logo in 1953. It was also the last Disney film on which all nine of Disney's Nine Old Men worked.

Plot

In Edwardian London, in the neighborhood of Bloomsbury, George and Mary Darling's preparations to attend a party are disrupted by the antics of the boys, John and Michael, acting out a story about Peter Pan and the pirates that were told to them by their older sister, Wendy. Their father angrily declares that Wendy has gotten too old to continue staying in the nursery with them, and it's time for her to grow up. That night they are visited in the nursery by Peter

Pan himself, who teaches them to fly with the help of his pixie friend, Tinker Bell, and takes them with him to the island of Never Land.

A ship of pirates is anchored off Never Land, commanded by Captain Hook with his sidekick Mr. Smee. Hook boldly plots to take revenge upon Peter Pan for cutting off his hand, but he trembles when the crocodile that ate it arrives; it now stalks him hoping to taste more. The crew's restlessness is interrupted by the arrival of Peter and the Darlings. The children easily evade them, and despite a trick by jealous Tinker Bell to have Wendy killed, they meet up with the Lost Boys: six lads in animal-costume pajamas, who look to Peter as their leader. John and Michael set off with the Lost Boys to find the island's Indians, who instead capture them, believing them responsible for taking the chief's daughter Tiger Lily.

Meanwhile, Peter takes Wendy to see the mermaids, where they see that Hook and Smee have captured Tiger Lily, to coerce her into revealing Peter's hideout. Peter and Wendy free her, and Peter is honored by the tribe. Hook then plots to take advantage of Tinker Bell's jealousy of Wendy, tricking her into revealing the location of Peter's lair. The pirates lie in wait and capture the Lost Boys and the Darlings as they exit, leaving behind a time bomb to kill Peter. Tinker Bell learns of the plot just in time to snatch the bomb from Peter as it explodes.

Peter rescues Tinker Bell from the rubble and together they confront the pirates, releasing the children before they can be forced to walk the plank. Peter engages Hook in single combat as the children fight off the crew, and finally succeeds in humiliating the captain. Hook and his crew flee, with the crocodile in hot pursuit. Peter gallantly commandeers the deserted ship, and with the aid of Tinker Bell's pixie dust, flies it to London with the children aboard.

Mr. and Mrs. Darling return home from the party to find Wendy not in her bed, but sleeping at the open window; John and Michael are asleep in their beds. Wendy wakes and excitedly tells about their adventures. The parents look out the window and see what appears to be a pirate ship in the clouds. Mr. Darling, who has softened his position about Wendy staying in the nursery, recognizes it from his own childhood, as it breaks up into clouds itself.

Production

However he could not get the rights until four years later, after he came to an arrangement with Great Ormond Street Hospital in London, to whom Barrie had bequeathed the rights to the play.[4] The studio started the story development and character designs in the late-1930s and early-1940s, and intended it to be his fourth film, after Snow White, Bambi and Pinocchio (Bambi was later put on hold for a short while for technical difficulties and ended up being his fifth film while Pinocchio became his second film).

During this time Disney explored many possibilities of how the story could be interpreted. In the earliest version of the story, the film started by telling Peter Pan's back story. But on May 20, 1940 during a story meeting Disney said "We ought to get right into the story itself, where Peter Pan comes to the house to get his shadow. That's were the story picks up. How Peter came to be is really another story.". Walt also explored opening the film in Neverland and Peter Pan coming to Wendy's house to kidnap her as a mother for the Lost Boys. Eventually, Disney decided that the kidnapping was too dark and went back to Barrie's original play where Peter comes to get his shadow and Wendy is eager to see Neverland. The scene in the nursery went through many alterations. For instance in one version it was Mrs. Darling who found Peter Pan's shadow and showed it to Mr. Darling as in the original play. In another version of the film, Nana went to Neverland with Pan and the Darling children, and the story was told through her eyes.[3] In other interpretations of the story John Darling was left behind for being too serious, practical and boring. The film also included Wendy taking her "Peter Pan Picture Book" and Peter and the children eating an "Imaginary Dinner". At one point there was a party in Peter's hideout where Tinker Bell got humiliated and in her rage went and deliberately told Captain Hook the location of Peter Pan's hideout at her own free will. However, Walt felt that this was against Tinker Bell's character and that she had "gone too far" and changed it to Captain Hook kidnapping and persuading Tinker Bell to tell him. There is a point in Barrie's play where Captain Hook puts poison in Peter's dose of medicine and Tinker Bell saves Peter by drinking the poison herself only to be revived by the applause by the theater audience. After much debate Disney discarded this fearing it would be difficult to achieve in a film. In earlier scripts there were more scenes involving the Pirates and the Mermaids that were similar to what Disney had previously done with the "Seven Dwarfs" in Snow White. Ultimately these scenes were cut for pacing reasons. The film was also a little bit darker at one point since there were scenes involving Captain Hook being killed by the crocodile, the Darling family mourning over their lost children, and Pan and the children discovering the pirates' treasure which is loaded with booby traps.

Then on December 7, 1941, the United States joined the Second World War after Pearl Harbor was attacked. The following day the U.S military took control of the studio and commissioned them to produce war propaganda films. They also forced Peter Pan as well as Alice in Wonderland, Wind in the Willows, Song of the South, Mickey and the Beanstalk and Bongo, among others, to be put on hold. After the war ended in 1945, the studio was in debt and they could only produce package films to support themselves. It was not until 1947, as the studio's financial health started to improve again, that the actual production of Peter Pan commenced, even though Roy O. Disney did not think that Peter Pan would have much box office appeal.

Rumor has it that Tinker Bell's design was based on Marilyn Monroe, but in reality her design was based on Tinker Bell's live-action reference model, Margaret Kerry. Margaret Kerry posed for reference film shots on a sound stage; the footage was later used by supervising Tinker Bell animator Marc Davis and his team when they drew the character. Kerry also provided the voice of the redheaded mermaid in the film.

Like Kerry, Bobby Driscoll was both the live-action reference model, mainly used for the close-up scenes, and the voice actor for Peter Pan. Peter's flying and action reference shots, however, were provided by dancer and choreographer Roland Dupree. In an interview, she said she had to hold out her arms and pretend to fly for all the scenes requiring it. Kathryn Beaumont, the voice of Wendy, eldest of the Darling children, also performed for the live-action reference footage. Similarly, Hans Conried, the voice of both Captain Hook and Mr. Darling, also performed the live-action reference footage for those characters (it was one of the few elements left over from the play, that Hook and Mr. Darling were played by the same actor). In contrast to rotoscoping the animators did not merely trace the live-action footage, for this would make the animation look stiff and unnatural. Instead the animators used it as a guide for animating by studying the human movement in the situation required. For example: "How far does the head turn when a character looks over his shoulder?" Milt Kahl the supervising animator of Peter Pan and The Darling Children, claimed that the hardest thing to animate was a character floating in mid air.

Cast

Bobby Driscoll as Peter Pan (character)

Kathryn Beaumont as Wendy Darling

Paul Collins as John Darling

Tommy Luske as Michael Darling

Hans Conried as George Darling and Captain Hook

Heather Angel as Mary Darling

Bill Thompson as Mr. Smee and The Pirates

Robert Ellis, Jeffrey Silver, Jonny McGovern, Stuffy Singer as The Lost Boys (Tony Butala Singing Voices)

Candy Candido as Indian Chief

Corinne Orr as Tiger Lily

Reception

Peter Pan got mainly positive reviews from the critics, and currently holds an 83% "fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes. The New York Times gave the film a mixed review, praising the animation itself, but also declaring that the film was not really true to the spirit of the original Barrie play. However Time Magazine gave the film a highly favorable review, making no reference to the changes from the original play. Alternately the controversies over the differences between the play and the film were short lived and Peter Pan is today considered one of Disney's animated classics.

Michael Jackson cited Peter Pan as his favorite movie of all time, from which he derived the name for his estate Neverland Ranch in Santa Barbara, where he had a private amusement park. Ronald D. Moore, one of the executive producers of the re-imagined Battlestar Galactica, has cited this film as the inspiration for the series' theme of the cyclical nature of time, using the film's opening line, "All of this has happened before and it will all happen again," as a key tenet of the culture's scripture.

This is considered the most commercial Disney movie to date, having a theatrical sequel and five Tinker Bell spin-off films (as of 2014), as well as a popular children's program, Jake and the Never Land Pirates, which airs on Disney Junior to this day.

Crew

Directed by Hamilton Luske
Clyde Geronimi
Wilfred Jackson
Effects Animators George Rowley
Joshua Meador
Dan MacManus
Blaine Gibson
Character Animators Hal King
Cliff Nordberg
Fred Moore
Bob Carlson
Hal Ambro
Harvey Toombs
Ken O'Brien
Don Lusk
Bill Justice
Judge Whitaker
Marvin Woodward
Jerry Hathcock
Hugh Fraser
Art Stevens
Eric Cleworth
Clair Weeks
Directing Animators Milt Kahl
Frank Thomas
Wolfgang Reitherman
Ward Kimball
Ollie Johnston
Marc Davis
Eric Larson
John Lounsbery
Les Clark
Norm Ferguson
Backgrounds by Ralph Hulett
Ray Huffine
Art Riley
Thelma Witmer
Al Dempster
Dick Anthony
Eyvind Earle
Brice Mack
Art Landy
Color and Styling Mary Blair
John Hench
Claude Coats
Don Da Gradi
Layout Charles Philippi
McLaren Stewart
Tom Codrick
A. Kendall O'Connor
Hugh Hennesy
Ken Anderson
Don Griffith
Al Zinnen
Thor Putnam
Lance Nolley
Story by Ted Sears
Erdman Penner
Bill Peet
Winston Nibler
Joe Rinaldi
Milt Banta
Ralph Wright
Bill Cottrell
Vocal Arrangements Jud Conlon
Orchestration Edward Plumb
Songs by Sammy Fain
Sammy Cahn
Oliver Wallace
Frank Churchill
Erdman Penner
Winston Nibler
Ted Sears
Music by Oliver Wallace
Special Processes Ub Iwerks
Music Editor Al Teeter
Edited by Donald Halliday
Sound Recording Harold J. Steck
Robert O. Cook
Sound Director C.O. Slyfield

Gallery

Main article: Peter Pan (film)/Gallery

Release history

February 5, 1953 (first theatrical release)
May 14, 1958 (second theatrical release)
June 18, 1969 (third theatrical release)
June 18, 1976 (fourth theatrical release)
December 17, 1982 (fifth theatrical release)
July 14, 1989 (sixth and final theatrical release)
September 17, 1990 (VHS - Walt Disney Classics)
March 3, 1998 (VHS - Walt Disney Masterpiece Collection)
July 1998 (VHS reissue - Made in Brazil - Abril Vídeo/Walt Disney Home Video)
November 23, 1999 (DVD - Walt Disney Limited Issue)
July 2000 (DVD - Made in Brazil - Buena Vista Home Entertainment)
February 12, 2002 (VHS/DVD - Special Edition)
August 2002 (VHS Reissue - Made in Brazil - Walt Disney Home Entertainment)
March 6, 2007 (2-Disc DVD, Platinum Edition)
February 5, 2013 (60th Anniversary Diamond Edition - Blu-ray/DVD Combo and 2-Disc DVD - U.S. only)

Worldwide release dates

U.K.: April 1953 (London)
Brazil: April 10, 1953
Argentina: July 7, 1953
U.K.: July 27, 1953
Australia: October 16, 1953
Mexico: November 11, 1953
Italy: December 16, 1953
Finland: December 18, 1953
Sweden: December 21, 1953
West Germany: December 22, 1953
France: December 23, 1953
Denmark: December 26, 1953
Norway: December 26, 1953
Philippines: February 25, 1954 (Davao)
Portugal: April 8, 1954
Uruguay: July 5, 1954 (Montevideo)
Hong Kong: September 16, 1954
Austria: December 3, 1954
Spain: December 21, 1954 (Madrid)
Japan: March 9, 1955
Turkey: December 1956
South Korea: June 13, 1957
Kuwait: December 24, 1993

External links

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This page uses content from the English Wikipedia. The original article was at Peter Pan (film). The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with DisneyWiki and Disney Fan Fiction, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU Free Documentation License.

Peter Pan

Films and Television: Peter Pan | Return to Never Land | House of Mouse

Attractions: Peter Pan's Flight | Fantasmic! | Disney Dreams! | Following the Leader with Peter Pan

Spin-offs: Disney Fairies | Jake and the Never Land Pirates

Other: Pixie Dust | Captain Hook's Hooks | Bomb (Peter Pan)| Disney Sing Along Songs: You Can Fly!